Friday, December 30, 2022

SECOND ITALIAN REVIEW OF THE DEATH THE SILVER KING (Retitled from THE DEATH OF TARPONS)

 Hi Folks,


Just received the second Italian review of  THE DEATH OF THE SILVER KING







Les Edgerton / An American history of violence and fishing

Les Edgerson, The Death of the Silver King , tr. Marco Piva, Elliott , pp. 224, 17.50 euros printed


The bildungsroman is a genre widely used in literature, starting from the

 end of the eighteenth century

 Term originally coined in Germany, Bildungsroman , the first text

 defined as such is Goethe's Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre  , published in

 1797. Over time the genre has evolved, adapting to the various social

 and technological transformations of the short century and the first

 twenty years of the new millennium by changing the settings and 

psychologies of the characters. There are many masterpieces of this

 literary genre, the first two that come to mind are Salinger's Young 

Holden and Someday this pain will be useful to you, by Cameron, and 

this novel too, while not reaching such high peaks, is an excellent example of it.

ROBERT STURMPULP - books daily
PULP - books daily
REVIEWS
Les Edgerton / An American history of violence and fishing
Les Edgerson, The Death of the Silver King , tr. Marco Piva, Elliott , pp. 224, 17.50 euros printed
ROBERT STURM
DECEMBER 27, 2022












Corey John returns to the town where he grew up thirty years after leaving it, in 1955. His family (only his sister is still alive) emigrates to Texas from Indiana where his maternal grandparents live. The father, Robert, begins working for the grandmother, Lucille, who runs a restaurant bar and various other businesses. He almost immediately regrets having moved - Lucille's promise to make him a partner is rejected -, the dream of becoming an airline pilot turns into an obsession and suddenly becomes violent with Corey, giving improbable excuses to punish him violently. Her mother is incapable of reacting and she seeks solace in religion by reading the Bible and attending a community of fanatical believers: she distances herself from her husband and withdraws more and more into herself. The teenager has a friend, Destin, with whom he shares the experience of domestic violence and spends much of his time dreaming of fishing trips with his father, an occasion that for one reason or another almost never materialises. The boy's lifeline is his grandfather, Toast, who introduced him to reading. “It was he who gave me my first book by Mark Twain, and with it also novels by Dos Passos, by Steinbeck, even by Kafka and Camus. […] I was probably the only fourteen-year-old in town who read Céline, and only because I was lucky enough to have a grandfather who was passionate about literature”. “It was he who gave me my first book by Mark Twain, and with it also novels by Dos Passos, by Steinbeck, even by Kafka and Camus. […] I was probably the only fourteen-year-old in town who read Céline, and only because I was lucky enough to have a grandfather who was passionate about literature”. “It was he who gave me my first book by Mark Twain, and with it also novels by Dos Passos, by Steinbeck, even by Kafka and Camus. […] I was probably the only fourteen-year-old in town who read Céline, and only because I was lucky enough to have a grandfather who was passionate about literature”.
But Corey's real goal is to be well liked and loved by his father, who always accuses him of only knowing how to read, a passion that will prevent him from finding a real job and extricating himself in life and for this reason he decides to secretly build a boat to give him. on your birthday: study all the techniques, raise money by collecting glass bottles throughout the city and mowing the gardens of the houses. But things in life don't always go as they should or as we hope, and the mother's fall into severe depression, her grandfather's illness, yet another misunderstanding with her father and a murder, bring down the castles in the air she was chasing. . The Death of the Silver King –proof of debut of Les Edgerton -, originally published in America in 1996, is a novel narrated with a smooth and dry style (apart from perhaps a couple of passages), capable of entering in a precise and profound way into the psychology of all the characters . Period, the one in which the story unfolds, in which domestic violence was considered an evil to bear, in which society still lived in the most sinister racism, in which the balance of power (as still today, to tell the truth) was dictated by the oppression of the weakest: unresolved problems but which, after long and terrible struggles, perhaps we have begun to partially mitigate. Corey makes peace with himself by returning to the places of his adolescence and untying the knot of his last fishing trip with his grandfather in the beautiful and teeming Gulf of Texas: episode that he had hidden in his mind for thirty years but which resurfaces forcefully. And his life, in spite of everything, seems a little more acceptable.
Les EdgertonAmerican fiction

Wednesday, October 19, 2022

REVISED COVER OF THE ITALIAN VERSION OF THE DEATH OF TARPONS (RETITLED AS THE DEATH OF THE SILVER KING)

 Hi folks,


Mauro Falciani, my bookstore owner friend in Italy, who is responsible for getting my novels in front of Italian publishers, talked to me about the first cover publisher Elliot had come up with for their forthcoming version of THE DEATH OF TARPONS (retitled THE DEATH OF THE SILVER KING), and how he thought a better version might be had, and I agreed and talked to my editor, Loretta Santini, who is the epitome of graciousness (my wish for all writers is that they get an editor as great as she is!) and she asked me for suggestions. To my delight, she vastly exceeded my expectations and their cover artist came up with what you see below. My first reaction was: It pops! and my second was: I love it! Mauro emailed me and said: Now, THIS is a cover! 

We're all just tickled pink! Easily one of the two or three best covers I've ever been privileged to have. I rank it up there with the covers for MONDAY'S MEAL, THE RAPIST, and THE BITCH.


Whaddya think?



Comes out at the end of October.


The English language version is from Betimes Books, Dublin, and available on Amazon.



I can't begin to tell you how great it is to have super publishers!


Blue skies,

Les



Friday, September 23, 2022

JAPANESE VERSION OF HOOKED

 Hi folks,


Finally got my copy of the Japanese version of Hooked. They made a beautiful book!



Japanese publisher Film Art, Inc. is the publisher. Out of the blue one day, I got an email from a former agent of mine that they'd contacted him and wanted to purchase the Japanese rights to Hooked. He hadn't been my agent on it, so he got in touch with me and they made me a very generous offer of a $2,500 advance against royalties, which I happily took. It's rare for a book to sell foreign rights after it's been out 17 years, but Hooked has been mighty kind to me. I still get substantial royalties each year from Penguin who own the U.S. rights after Writer's Digest went bankrupt.

Film Art, Inc. came out with an initial run of 3,000 copies. Please tell all of your Japanese writer friends they can now buy it in their native language!


And, here's the original!

Blue skies,
Les



Monday, September 19, 2022

REVEAL--ITALIAN COVER OF THE DEATH OF TARPONS

 Hi folks,


Here's the cover of the Italian edition of my first novel, THE DEATH OF TARPONS. They changed the title to (to quote my editor, Loretta Santini, of Elliot Edizioni) The Italian title will be  “La morte dei re d’argento” (The death of the Silver Kings).

She says: I think it’d be better because it sounds beautiful and, unfortunately, nobody knows what the Tarponi are!

I hope you agree with this.



THE DEATH OF THE SILVER KINGS (THE DEATH OF TARPONS)  It's scheduled for release at the end of October.


I LOVE MY ITALIAN PUBLISHER!


Again, thanks to my good friend Mauro Falciani who made all of this possible!


Blue skies,

Les

Monday, July 25, 2022

MY WIP, THE FIXER, NOMINATED FOR BEST SOUTHERN GOTHIC...

 Hi Folks,


Just received an email from the folks at Killer Nashville. I'm gobsmacked! They said:


 

Hi Les,

 

Congratulations!

 

I don’t know if you’ve heard already, but I wanted to let you know that your unpublished manuscript, The Fixer, is a finalist for the Killer Nashville Claymore Award for Best Southern Gothic https://killernashville.com/2022-killer-nashville-claymore-award-finalists/

 

On behalf of Clay Stafford, founder of Killer Nashville, and all our judging volunteers, we couldn’t be more excited!

 

I’m happy to answer any questions about the award and nomination.

 

The winners of each category will be announced August 20, 2022 at the Killer Nashville Awards Dinner https://killernashville.com/killer-nashville-awards-dinner/. We’d love to see you there.

 

If you wish to register for the conference (https://killernashville.com/register-for-killer-nashville/), panel assignments for Killer Nashville (https://killernashville.com/) will be finalized on or before Tuesday, August 2, so if you are interested in being on a panel, please let us know your preferences soon.

 

I hope we see you at this year’s Killer Nashville Awards Dinner! And if I can be of any help in any way, please let me know.

 

Congratulations again!

 

- Jacqueline


I'm on that proverbial Cloud 9!


Blue skies,


Les

Sunday, May 22, 2022

NEW REVIEW BY JOHN JANTUNEN OF ADRENALINE JUNKIE IN CANNERY ROW MAGAZINE

 Hi folks,


Just got this review of my memoir, ADRENALINE JUNKIE, by John Jantunen in Cannery Row Magazine.  


 Book

  Nook

   with 

 John

Adrenaline Junkie

by Les Edgerton

Down & Out Books, USA, Memoir, 2018, 344 pages

Review by John Jantunen


In 2014 Jack David, my publisher at ECW Press, rented a van and drove four Canadian mystery writers to Bouchercon in Raleigh, North Carolina. Bouchercon bills itself as the largest crime writers convention in the world and, as a newly published, first-time mystery writer, the trip would serve as a rite of passage for me as well as provide the opportunity to mingle with my more esteemed peers, most of whom would welcome me into their fold with a degree of fellowship I’d never thought possible.

         And few could have been more welcoming than Les Edgerton.

         I met him on the second night of the conference. Up until then, I admit, I’d been feeling a bit like a fish out of water. While the drive down with Jack, John McFetridge, Dietrich Kalteis and Sam Wiebe had been a thoroughly memorable and even joyful affair, I was beginning to suspect that any hope of capitalizing on the euphoria I’d felt during the thirteen-hour trip wouldn’t amount to anything more than a case of wishful thinking.

        My first inkling that I’d likely been a trifle too optimistic in believing an unknown author such as myself might so much as make a ripple in these international waters had been provided by way of the gift tote I’d received upon signing in at the authors' table. In it were a half-dozen free books from some of the convention’s 'featured' authors. All were of a decidedly mainstream appeal, quite at odds with my own reading habits. I knew I wouldn’t read any of them and since my motel was a thirty-minute walk from the Raleigh Convention Center and I didn’t want to be burdened with them until I'd return to my room that night, I stacked the pile of books on a table in the lobby of the adjoining Marriott City Center, free for the taking.

      A few seconds later I saw an older gentleman sorting through them and watched, with idle curiosity, to see which of them passed his muster. The one he finally chose featured on its cover a cat sitting on a table beside a martini glass, which was about as far as my interest in the book had extended when I first found it in my tote.

Jack David would shortly thereafter inform me that it was from a sub-genre of mystery novels called “Cat Cozies” (the most popular in this breed being: The Big Kitty, The Whole Cat and Caboodle, Faux Paws & Hiss Of Death). Call me naïve but it had never occurred to me that people wrote books (for adults) in which cats solved crimes and that people (adults!) might actually want to read them. But read them they do, and by the millions as I soon found out. For the rest of the day, it seemed, whenever I spied someone holding a book, it featured a tabby or calico on its cover and the 'Cat Cozy' corner in the bookseller’s room sported a permanent line-up - while, I might add, nary a soul was to be seen at the table selling Cipher.

 

That night I ended up at an event called 'Bar Noir' and my mounting despondency was somewhat tempered by the promise that 'Noir', another sub-genre, was reserved for those who wrote to discomfort rather than its opposite. The first reader was a fellow named Tom Pitts who, I’d later discover, was a transplanted Canadian living in California. His offering involved a heroin junkie trying to shoot up in the video booth at a porn shop whose efforts were constantly being thwarted by a 'dwarf' banging on his door intent on purchasing his used jizz rag. Now that, I thought joining in with the audience’s boisterous applause, is more like it!

       The next reader was a shaven-headed, somewhat elderly author with a handlebar moustache that, to me, suggested he might have been a retired sheriff from down Texas-way. He was introduced as Les Edgerton and, while it turned out he was indeed originally from Texas, I quickly learned that he was about as far removed from a lawman as one could reasonably get.

     His piece recounted a true story from his stint as a convicted felon in an Indiana prison. Apparently the farmer who supplied the prison with beans always threw in a few shovelfuls of gravel to increase his profit. This meant that inmates had to be constantly on guard when eating the legume but in his story "Toothache" the protagonist becomes distracted by one of the cooks attacking a fellow inmate with a meat cleaver and thus bites down on a rock amongst his beans, breaking his tooth. Delivered with such dry wit and grisly humour, Les’s reading that night at Bar Noir, to this day, stands as the most compelling recitation I’ve heard in any of the dozens of literary events I’ve attended over the years and, between him and Tom, my mood was on a definite upswing come intermission.

 

The break found me smoking a cigarette on the bar’s street-side patio. One of the perks of the evening was a sampling of North Carolina whiskey. Given that a half-pint of beer cost almost ten dollars Canadian, I’d been keeping an eye peeled for the waitress in charge of dispensing these complimentary drinks. Having already managed to snag a couple previously, I was downing my third between drags when I heard a rather garrulous voice shouting out, “Who's got a smoke? I’m jonesing for a goddamn cigarette!”

Turning, I saw it was Les. Pulling out my pack, I handed a smoke over, assuring him that my Canadian Classics would be the best cigarettes he'd ever tasted. I’m almost certain he didn’t entirely agree but we still ended up jawing at one of the patio’s tables for a couple of hours joined by Chicago mystery writer - and former Def Jam comic - Danny Gardner who’d go on to found Bronzeville Books a few years later (a publishing venture at which a friend from my high school in Bracebridge would serve as an editor, another of those funny coincidences I tend to thrive on as a writer).

       Les proved himself as proficient a story teller as he was a reader and our conversation would give me plenty of fodder for the three minutes I’d been allotted to introduce myself and Cipher at the Emerging Writers Breakfast the following morning. Les was to sit on one of the panels that same day and, naturally, I put his appearance at the top of my 'to-do list'. He was seated between two law enforcement officers-cum-writers and set the tone of the discussion early on when he paused briefly while recounting one tale from his seemingly endless repertoire of stories as an outlaw to remark rather impishly, “I probably shouldn’t be telling this one with so many cops around,” before boldly charging ahead anyway. But it was something he said a few moments later which would tell me beyond a shadow of a doubt that I had found a kindred spirit. Answering a question about whether he had a specific reader in mind while writing, he answered that he didn’t write for a million readers, he wrote to find that one reader who might just get it.

     In my twenties I’d read Herman Hesse’s Narcissus and Goldmund, in which Goldmund is enticed into the artist’s life by a statue he encounters in a small country chapel at a particularly dark moment in his life. Ever since, I’d become convinced that art’s true value resided in its potential to instil a longing for a new direction in those ‘lost souls’ who needed it most. I’d been inspired by quite a number of writers over the years in my own efforts to chart a new direction for myself through my fiction but it was rare indeed to actually meet a fellow author in the flesh who, by virtue of his very being, seemed to embody such an all-too-often maligned ideal.

       

Over the intervening years I’ve come to respect Les's prowess as a writer as much as I do the man himself and there are no emails I treasure more than the ones I’ve received from him during our correspondence. Les generously offered to provide a blurb for Savage Gerry and while he certainly struck at the heart of the matter when he wrote, “This is a novel of the love of men for their sons” - after all I wrote it For Drake (my first son) - it wasn’t until I’d read his book Adrenaline Junkie that I’d fully understand the emotional imperative simmering beneath the surface of these words. 

        Les leads into his memoir by quoting James Baldwin in the first of two epigraphs: “Artists are here to disturb the peace.”

Words were insufficient to express my sudden elation upon reading that as I literally leapt out of my chair to share this discovery with my partner Tanja, for James Baldwin’s Another Country plays a pivotal role in In for a Dime and I had also chosen another Baldwin quote as the epigraph for my next book, Mason’s Jar.

        The complete quote in which this line appears is: “Now it is true that the nature of society is to create, among its citizens, an illusion of safety but it is also absolutely true that the safety is always necessarily an illusion. Artists are here to disturb the peace. They have to disturb the peace. Otherwise, chaos.”

       I include it here because, to me, it provides an invaluable key to fully appreciating what Les has accomplished with Adrenaline Junkie, as does what author Marjorie Brody writes in her Foreword: “Les understands that backstory matters. It influences the presence. So, he journeyed through the past seeking answers for why he was here . . . Fighting for a moment - regardless of how fleeting - to feel in control of his life.”

      It was hard not to pause again when reading this, since the only inspirational quote I have hanging on the wall above my computer is a single page torn from a July, 2021, Harper’s Magazine article. I’ve highlighted the last paragraph in Matthew Karp’s “History As End” to serve as both a constant reminder of what I myself am striving for in my writing and as a welcome reassurance that I am far from alone in what often feels like a solitary, and futile, pursuit of such an ideal.

        To quote from Karp's article: “The past may live inside the present but it does not govern our growth. However sordid or sublime, our origins are not our destinies; our daily journey into the future is not fixed by moral arcs or genetic instructions. We must come to see history . . . as what we fight over, fight for, and aspire to in practices of justice. History is not the end, it is only one more battleground where we must meet the vast demands of the ever-living now.”

 

If Les’s brazenly courageous and brutally honest account of his past is anything, it’s one man’s attempt to create just such a battlefield out of his own personal history . . . and what a history it turned out to be!

      From working at his grandmother’s bar/restaurant in the highly segregated - and oftentimes callously violent - city of Freeport, Texas, during his youth, to his military service as a cryptographer stationed on the Caribbean Island of San Sal, to his life as an outlaw and professional thief. Then there was, of course, his stint at Pendleton Reformatory - one of the worst prisons in America at the time - during which he’d learn the skills which would lead him to becoming a renowned hairstylist, only to have his career derailed in a self-destructive streak fuelled by his seemingly insatiable appetite for sex and drugs, and finally his moving on to rediscovering his true calling as an author. 

       The only corollary within the literary world that I could think of which even comes close to matching his story would be that of Hunter S. Thompson. But whereas Hunter S. allowed himself to become a caricature, forever trapped in a persona of his own devise, Les is driven by what at times seems like an almost pathological desire to keep reinventing himself, sometimes for the better, frequently for the worse.

To be honest, I often had a difficult time reconciling the man he was with the man I’ve come to know. While this dissonance primarily served to bolster the pervasive, and increasingly palpable, tension which veritably bristles off every page, it also instilled in me a certain reluctance while approaching the last few chapters. It was akin to how I feel nearing the end of a particularly intricate mystery novel, knowing that the whole thing could quickly become unravelled by an overly pat or facile resolution that leaves far too little to the reader’s imagination, whereas my favourite reveals always compel the reader to re-evaluate everything that came before, even while pointing towards a far-from-certain future. Adrenaline Junkie, I’m relieved to report, manages this with a similar prowess as Les brings to his crime fictions.

       

In fact, it was a passage from his 2011 novel Just Like That which was ever in my thoughts while I reflected on Adrenaline Junkie. In it his lead character, Jake, is serving time for much the same reasons Les did and, while conversing with his cellmate about what led him into a life of crime, he reflects that “the scareder I get, the gutsier I become.”

      This itself serves as incisive an explanation of what drives the 'adrenaline junkie' as I’ve ever heard and, where in his past lives Les seemingly allowed this same propulsive fear to drive him towards imminent self-destruction, ultimately it’s his embrace of that same verve which elevates his memoir beyond a mere cataloguing of the extreme turns his life took as a result.

       That his ultimate reversal was spurred by the love of a woman and the birth of his son might have, in less adroit hands, come across as trite but, here, it serves only to raise the stakes even further. In McCarthy’s Blood Meridian, Judge Holden remarks “The stakes is the game” and it’s a lesson Les seems to have taken well to heart. By using his fear to force a reckoning with his own past, and damn the consequences, he’s achieved the rarest of all feats; he’s turned what could have been a simple cautionary tale into an epic saga of a man re-imagining what was once his Achilles heel into his greatest asset and I, for one, cannot think of a more compelling, nor salient, story for our times than that.

Les Edgerton is an American author of 23 books, two of which are on writing fiction, and has taught at several colleges and universities.

   His works, including a variety of short stories, screenplays, essays and articles, have been nominated for numerous awards and several of his books have been translated into Japanese, German and Italian.

 



Monday, May 16, 2022

First royalty statement for Hard Times from Italian publisher, Elliot Edizioni!

 Hi folks,


I'm very pleased to announced I just received the first royalty statement from Italian publisher Elliot Edizioni and not only did it earn out its advance, it earned almost three times that amount. I take great pride in that. Every one of my books that were on the bookshelves have earned out their advances in the first accounting. It's the key to success.

Much thanks to bookseller Mauro Falciano who recommended this book to Elliot Edizioni's Loretta Santini. And, thanks to Loretta for taking a chance on it. More good news--they've contracted to publish Italian versions of The Death of Tarpons and The Bitch this fall.

And, a big shout-out and thank-you to my friend Joe Lansdale, who provided a fantastic foreword to the book, which contributed significantly to its success.



JOE LANSDALE SAYS

(INTRO TO  TEMPI DIFFICILI (HARD TIMES))

 

        Les Edgerton is one of our best and most underrated writers, and that’s a sad moniker to throw at anyone. Underrated.

To know you’re doing fine work, and not obscure or abstract work, to wake up and go at it every day, hammer and tongs, with the understanding that you may not be reaching the wider audience you would like or deserve, that’s got to put a kink in your mindset from time to time.

        But Les seems to be made of stronger stuff, or has the ability to de-kink the kink and keep moving forward, writing one amazing book after another.

When he writes he takes his soul and winds it up and lets it loose and it sails across the literary skies with grace and truth, and damn if just about everyone seems to be looking in the wrong direction.

        I once told him, and meant it, that when he writes crime, he my favorite crime writer, though after one of his novels, I have to come up for air for a while before I leap into his next. His books can be that intense.

        Thing about Les, though, he’s not just a crime writer. He writes other things. And when he writes crime, he’s not just a crime writer. I like his kind of bonkers approach to fiction, as he both tells the daily truth, and tells the metaphorical truth as well.

A storm isn’t merely a storm, an arithmetic award torn in two is more than a piece of paper or a momentary disappointment in the life of his main character in Hard Times.

 It is the symbol for all she is, and you might say all she will be. The award is ripped in half by an envious boy. This leads to the main character taping it back together and tucking it away. Wounded dreams, deferred, taped up and stored in wishful reserve. That one scene tells you who Amelia is. How she sees life. How she handles it. Any happiness she might have comes with Scotch tape and disappointment.

        I have read a lot of Les’s work, and I have liked it all, but this, hands down, pinky-swear, is his finest novel to date. It takes place where I live—East Texas—and though I might have a quarrel here and there with how the location is presented, and a wish for a quotation mark, its minor. How it feels is presented with accuracy. How Amelia feels is unquestioned. He is inside of that character, and I don’t care if he’s an older man writing about a younger girl, a young woman, he remembers youth, and his radar is hot and high and he has picked up the human condition vibrating in the air. He knows people, and seems to best know people who exist on the edge, supported by hot smoke and a doubtful prayer.

        This is a dark and grimy story about a young girl growing up, making mistakes, and having to survive under tough conditions and enough disappointment Job might ask for room at the Devil’s table. Even the things that go well for Amelia come with that aforementioned Scotch tape and disappointment.

        I never had to deal with the things Amelia has to deal with, but I did deal with being poor, if not being dunked down at the bottom of abject poverty. My family was close to the bone all of the time, and as my father once said, if it cost a quarter to shit, we’d have to throw up. We thought of ourselves as broke, instead of poor, but what we have here is a different mindset. Amelia’s life is down deep in the greasy bucket of existence. A large bucket with slick sides and no easy way to climb out, jump out, and there’s no one to boost her up or to lower down a rope and say, “Take this. I’m pulling your ass out of there, sister.”

        And if there was a rope for Amelia, there’s a good chance it would fray and break.

        Amelia is in for it. Life is chasing her with an axe, so to speak. Still, she’s after that American Dream.

        I believe in it, by the way. I’m a product of it. But it’s a dream that some are better able to grasp. It’s a dream that isn’t constantly snatched away from some. But for others, it’s too far away to reach.

        But like Gatsby reaching out for the Green Light from his position on the pier, she never stops reaching. Or at least thinking about reaching.

        Let me add, I like how this novel feels, how it is written, how the characters are presented, even more than the plot. Which, is indeed engaging, but this is not a novel of stick figures chasing to the last page. It’s got meat on its bones and blood under its hide.

But the color of sweat and despair, the sounds of tragedy and unexpected comedy, the taste of hope covered in shit, will fill a readers head before one truly understands what it all means. Or before one understands that this is a quintessential American novel, in the way Wise Blood is, in the way Gatsby is. It seems simple, but buddy, it means bloody business.

        I wish I had written this.

        A writer can’t offer another writer greater praise.

        Truth is, though, only one writer could have written such a marvelous and constantly surprising book.

        Les Edgerton.

        And long may he write.

 

 

 

Joe R. Lansdale

Nacogdoches, Texas

Big Bear Manor

       


Blue skies,

Les